Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out with 10 rice straw extracts at the flowering stage, while a total of 78 compounds were identified from the extract. The number of compounds in each variety ranged from 12-23. Fatty acid was the most dominant compound with 37%, followed by ester 26%, and steroid 14%. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid were fatty acids found in many varieties. In addition, ethyl palmitate and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were also detected in all extracts. Based on the results, the highest content found in all varieties was 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, except for Inpara 7 and 8 which predominantly contain linoleic acid. Inpara 4, 3, and 5 were included in one cluster that has a higher 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, but a lower palmitic and linoleic acid content. The fatty acid can be used as one of the potential criteria in screening varieties for tolerance to stress, especially cold temperature, salinity, and blast disease.
| Published in | Journal of Plant Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16 |
| Page(s) | 113-118 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Swamp Rice, Metabolite, Tolerance, Abiotic and Biotic Stress
| [1] | Singh T, Pun K B, Saikia K, Satapathy BS, Bhagat K, Das A, Lal B. (2015). Abiotic stress management in rice, In: BJ Rajkhowa, A Das, SV Ngachan, AK Sikka, and M Lyngdoh (Eds.), Integrated Soil and Water Resource Management for Livelihood and Environmental Security. ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region Meghalaya: 219-258. |
| [2] | Anami B S, Malvade N N and Palaiah S. (2020). Classification of yield affecting biotic and abiotic paddy crop stresses using field images. Information Processing in Agriculture 7: 272-285. DOI: 10.1016/j.inpa.2019.08.005. |
| [3] | Berini J L, Brockman S A, Hegeman A D, Reich P B, Muthukrishnan R, Montgomery R A and Forester J D. (2018). Combinations of abiotic factors differentially alter production of plant secondary metabolites in five woddy plant species in the boreal-temperate transition zone. Frontiers in Plant Science 9 (1257): 1-17. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01257. |
| [4] | Wang W, Li Y, Dang P, Lai D, Zhao S and Zhou L. (2018). Rice secondary metabolites: structures, roles, biosynthesis, and metabolic regulation. Molecules 23 (3098): 1-50. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123098. |
| [5] | Ciulu M, de la Luz Cadiz-Gurrea M and Segura-Carretero A. (2018). Extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds in rice: a review. Molecules 23 (2890): 1-20. DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112. |
| [6] | Kim J K, Park S Y, Lim S H, Yeo Y, Choand H S and Ha SH. (2013). Comparative metabolic profiling of pigmented rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars revelas primary metabolites are correlated with secondary metabolites. Journal of Cereal Science 57: 14-20. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2012.09.012. |
| [7] | Chumpolsri W, Wijit N, Boontakham P, Nimmanpipug P, Sookwong P, Luangkamin S and Wongpornchai S. (2015). Variation of terpenoid flavor odorants in brand of some black and white varieties analyzed by GCxGC-MS. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 3 (2): 114-120. DOI: 10.12691/jfnr-3-2-7. |
| [8] | Sun Y, Huang X, Ning Y, Jing W, Bruce T J A, Qi F, Xu Q, Wu K, Zhang Y and Guo Y. (2017). TPS46, a rice terpenne synthase conferring natural resistance to birdcherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus). Frontiers in Plant Science 8 (110): 1-11. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00110. |
| [9] | Kumar M S S, Ali K, Dahuja A and Tyagi A. (2015). Role of phytosterols in drought stress tolerance in rice. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry: 1-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.07.014. |
| [10] | Krone N, Hughes B A, Lavery G G, Stewart P M, Arlt W and Shackleton C H L. (2010). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) remains pre-eminent discovery tool in clinical steroid investigations even in the era of fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 121: 496-504. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.04.010. |
| [11] | Zhang L, Yu Y and Yu R. (2020). Analysis of metabolites and metabolic pathways in three maize (Zea mays L.) varieties from the same origin using GC-MS. Nature Research 10 (17990): 1-10. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73041-z. |
| [12] | Kusano M, Yang Z, Okozaki Y, Nakabayashi R, Fukushima A and Saito K. (2015). Using metabolomic approaches to explore chemical diversity in rice. Molecular Plant 8: 58-67. DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.201411.010. |
| [13] | Taha A Y. (2020). Linoleic acid-good or bad for the brain? NJP Science of Food 4 (1): 1-6. DOI: 10.1038/s41538-019-0061-9. |
| [14] | da Cruz R P, Golombieski J I, Bazana M T, Cabreira C, Silveira T F and da Silva L P. Alterations in fatty acid composition due to cold exposure at the vegetative stage in rice. Braz. J. Plant Physiol. 22 (3): 199-207. DOI: 10.1590/S1677-04202010000300007. |
| [15] | Aziz A, Fairuz M S, Abdullah M Z, Ma N L and Marziah M. (2015). Fatty acid profile of salinity tolerant rice genotypes grown on saline soil. Malays. Appl. Biol. 44 (1): 119-124. |
| [16] | Jiang C, Shimono M, Maeda S, Inoue H, Mori M, Hasegawa M, Sugano S and Takatsuji H. (2009). Suppression of the rice fatty-acid desaturase gene OsSIS2 enhances resistance to blast and leaf blight diseases in rice. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 22 (7): 820-829. DOI: 10.1094/ MPMI -22-7-0820. |
| [17] | Chen N, Shuai W, Hao X, Zhang H, Zhou D, Gao J. (2017). Contamination of phthalate esters in vegetable agriculture and human cumulative risk assessment. Pedosphere 27 (3): 439-451. DOI: 10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60340-0. |
| [18] | Yuan L, Cheng J, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang W, Gao R and Yu X. (2020). Uptake and toxicity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in Brassica chinensis L. Chemosphere. 252 (126640): 1-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126640. |
| [19] | Goffman F D, Pinson S and Bergman C. (2003). Genetic diversity for lipid content and fatty acid profile in rice bran. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society 80 (5): 485-490. DOI: 10.1007/s11746-003-0725-x. |
| [20] | He M and Ding N Z. (2020). Plant unsaturated fatty acids: multiple roles in stress response. Frontiers in Plant Science 11 (562785): 1-15. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.562785. |
| [21] | Upchurch R G. (2008). Fatty acid unsaturation, mobilization, and regulation in the response of plants to stress. Biotechnol Lett. 30: 967-977. DOI: 10.1007/s10529-008-9639-z. |
| [22] | Pagare R, Bhatia M, Tripathi N, Pagare S and Bansal Y K. (2015). Secondary metabolites of plants and their role: overview. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy 9 (3): 294-305. |
| [23] | Aalim H, Belwal T, Jiang L, Huang H, Meng X and Luo Z. (2019). Extraction optimization, antidiabetic and antiglycation potential of aquoeus glycerol extract from rice (Oryza sativa L.) bran. LWT-Food Science and Technology 103: 147-154. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.006. |
| [24] | de Jong J C, McCormack B C, Smirnoff N and Talbot N C. (1997). Glycerol generates turgor in rice blast. Nature 389: 244-245. |
| [25] | Foster A J, Ryder L S, Kershaw M J and Talbot N J. (2017). The role of glycerol in the pathogenic lifestyle of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Environmental Microbiology 19 (3): 1008-1016. DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13688. |
APA Style
Sujinah, Swisci Margaret, Indrastuti Apri Rumanti, Nurwulan Agustiani. (2021). Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening. Journal of Plant Sciences, 9(3), 113-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16
ACS Style
Sujinah; Swisci Margaret; Indrastuti Apri Rumanti; Nurwulan Agustiani. Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening. J. Plant Sci. 2021, 9(3), 113-118. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16
AMA Style
Sujinah, Swisci Margaret, Indrastuti Apri Rumanti, Nurwulan Agustiani. Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening. J Plant Sci. 2021;9(3):113-118. doi: 10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16,
author = {Sujinah and Swisci Margaret and Indrastuti Apri Rumanti and Nurwulan Agustiani},
title = {Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening},
journal = {Journal of Plant Sciences},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {113-118},
doi = {10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jps.20210903.16},
abstract = {Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out with 10 rice straw extracts at the flowering stage, while a total of 78 compounds were identified from the extract. The number of compounds in each variety ranged from 12-23. Fatty acid was the most dominant compound with 37%, followed by ester 26%, and steroid 14%. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid were fatty acids found in many varieties. In addition, ethyl palmitate and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were also detected in all extracts. Based on the results, the highest content found in all varieties was 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, except for Inpara 7 and 8 which predominantly contain linoleic acid. Inpara 4, 3, and 5 were included in one cluster that has a higher 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, but a lower palmitic and linoleic acid content. The fatty acid can be used as one of the potential criteria in screening varieties for tolerance to stress, especially cold temperature, salinity, and blast disease.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Composition of Metabolites in Swamp Rice Varieties to Stress Tolerance Screening AU - Sujinah AU - Swisci Margaret AU - Indrastuti Apri Rumanti AU - Nurwulan Agustiani Y1 - 2021/06/22 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16 DO - 10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16 T2 - Journal of Plant Sciences JF - Journal of Plant Sciences JO - Journal of Plant Sciences SP - 113 EP - 118 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2331-0731 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jps.20210903.16 AB - Rice is an important food and produces metabolites which play several roles in the defense of the plant against abiotic and biotic stress. The development of stress tolerance variety is an importance for rice production. This study aims to analyze the metabolites of rice straw extract using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out with 10 rice straw extracts at the flowering stage, while a total of 78 compounds were identified from the extract. The number of compounds in each variety ranged from 12-23. Fatty acid was the most dominant compound with 37%, followed by ester 26%, and steroid 14%. Palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acid were fatty acids found in many varieties. In addition, ethyl palmitate and 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate were also detected in all extracts. Based on the results, the highest content found in all varieties was 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, except for Inpara 7 and 8 which predominantly contain linoleic acid. Inpara 4, 3, and 5 were included in one cluster that has a higher 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen phthalate, but a lower palmitic and linoleic acid content. The fatty acid can be used as one of the potential criteria in screening varieties for tolerance to stress, especially cold temperature, salinity, and blast disease. VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -
Email: