| Peer-Reviewed

Adequately Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Kolfe keraniyo Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Received: 11 May 2020     Accepted: 28 May 2020     Published: 8 June 2020
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem throughout the world. Salt iodization is the commonest type of food fortification well exercised in many countries as the method of choice to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders. This study aimed to assess adequately iodized salt and associated factors at the household level in Kolfe keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kolfe keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July to August 2019. In this study, 541 samples were included. Rapid test kit was used to get a semi-quantitative estimation of the salt iodine level. Among all samples, 95.5% was adequately iodized (>15ppm). In multivariable analysis, educational level (AOR=3.30; 95% CI: 1.06, 10.32), storing salt in an open container (AOR=10.71; 95% CI: 3.26, 35.23), salt buying frequency (AOR= 6.69; 95% CI: 2.34-19.10), using packed salt (AOR= 4.26; 95% CI: 1.46-12.40) and household monthly income ≥200 ETB (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.11-8.60) had a statistically significant association to availability of adequately iodized salt at household level. In this study, the proportion of households that use adequately iodized salt meets the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommended proportion (≥90%). However, a considerable amount of households use inadequately iodized salt. Increasing the awareness of the community on proper storage and utilization of iodized salt should be done.

Published in Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12
Page(s) 30-36
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adequately Iodized, Salt, Iodine, Kolfe keraniyo, Ethiopia

References
[1] De Benoist B, Andersson M, Egli I, Takkouche B, Allen H Iodine status worldwide WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency [Internet] 2004 [cited 2019 May 29] Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/43010/9241592001.pdf; jsessionid=9094D13E2014E5601CF5AD1D07B1F991?sequence=1
[2] WHO, UNICEF I Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination (Third Edition) [Internet] Geneva: World Health Oragnization 2007 Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241595827_eng.pdf
[3] The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Sustainable Elimination of Iodine Deficiency New York 2008 1–29 p.
[4] Chuku T, Bagriansky J, Brown TA Ethiopia’s long road to USI Photo by Rod Waddington CC BY SA 2.0 2 IDD NEWSLETTER MAY 2015 ETHIOPIA 2015.
[5] World Health Organization WHO_ Iodine and Health-NUT_94.4.pdf WHO; 1994 p 1–6.
[6] Tesema M, Belay A, Zerfu D, Tekle A, Kebede A, Samuel A, et al MICRONUTRIENT FORUM GLOBAL CONFERENCE In: MICRONUTRIENT FORUM GLOBAL CONFERENCE 2014 p 2014.
[7] CSA Central Statistical Agency/CSA/Ethiopia and ICF 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: CSA and ICF [Internet] 2016 Available from: https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR328/FR328.pdf
[8] Dilnesaw Z National salt iodization coverage towards Prevention of Iodine Deficiency Disorder in Ethiopia, Conference presentation In 2014.
[9] Houston R, Sullivan KM, Gorstein J, Cervinskas J monitoring universal salt iodization 1995.
[10] CSA Central Statistical Agency Ethiopia; Population Projection of Ethiopia for All Regions At Wereda Level from 2014 – 2017 2013.
[11] Mekonnen TC, Eshete S, Wasihun Y, Arefaynie M, Cherie N Availability of adequately iodized salt at household level in Dessie and Combolcha Towns, South Wollo, Ethiopia BMC Public Health 2018; 18 (1): 1–9.
[12] Public E Post Market and Household Iodized Salt Coverage Survey in Ethiopia 2018;
[13] Andersson M, Takkouche B, Egli I, Allen HE, Benoist B De Current global iodine status and progress over the last decade towards the elimination of iodine deficiency Bull World Health Organ 2005; 7 (04).
[14] Knowles JM, Garrett GS, Gorstein J, Kupka R, Situma R, Yadav K, et al Household Coverage with Adequately Iodized Salt Varies Greatly between Countries and by Residence Type and Socioeconomic Status within Countries: Results from 10 National Coverage Surveys J Nutr 2017; 147 (5): 1004S-1014S.
[15] Shinde M, Joshi A, Naik G, Trivedi A PREVALENCE OF GOITER AND THE STATUS OF IODIZED SALT AMONG THE PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN OF A RURAL DISTRICT IN CENTRAL INDIA Vol 6, National Journal of Community Medicine│Volume 2015.
[16] Khan GN, Hussain I, Soofi SB, Rizvi A, Bhutta ZA A study on the household use of iodised salt in sindh and punjab provinces, Pakistan: Implications for policy makers J Pharm Nutr Sci 2012; 2 (2): 148–54.
[17] Jooste PL, Weight MJ, Lombard CJ Iodine concentration in household salt in South Africa Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79 (6): 534–40.
[18] Abera A Ethiopian National nutrient survey report 2016.
[19] Abebe Z, Tariku A, Gebeye E Availability of adequately iodized in Northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study Arch Public Heal 2017; 75 (1): 1–9.
[20] Gebremariam HG, Yesuf ME, Koye DN Availability of Adequately Iodized Salt at Household Level and Associated Factors in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia HindawiPublishingCorporation 2013; 2013: 1–6.
[21] SB H, S L Proper Utilization of Adequatly Iodized Salt at House Hold Level and Associated Factores in Asella Town Arsi Zone Ethiopia: A Community based Cross Sectional Study J Food Process Technol 2016; 07 (04): 1–6.
[22] WHO elimination of iodine deficiency disorder: a manual for health workers [Internet] 1385 Available from: http://www.ghbook.ir/index.php?
[23] Takele L, Belachew T, Bekele T Iodine concentration in salt at household and retail shop levels in Shebe town, South West Ethiopia East Afr Med J 2003; 80 (10): 532–9.
[24] KELLY FC Studies on the stability of iodine compounds in iodized salt Bull World Health Organ 1953; 9 (2): 217–30.
[25] Wang GY, Zhou RH, Wang Z, Shi L, Sun M Effects of Storage and Cooking on the Iodine Content in Iodized Salt and Study on Monitoring Iodine Content in Iodized Salt Biomed Environ Sci 1999; 12 (1): 1–9.
[26] Diosady LL, Alberti JO, Venkatesh Mannar MG, FitzGerald S Stability of iodine in iodized salt used for correction of iodine-deficiency disorders II Food Nutr Bull 1998; 19 (3): 240–50.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Habtamu Ayigegn, Tsedeke Wolde, Dessalegn Geleta, Kinfe Haile, Ayinalem Alemu, et al. (2020). Adequately Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Kolfe keraniyo Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 8(2), 30-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Habtamu Ayigegn; Tsedeke Wolde; Dessalegn Geleta; Kinfe Haile; Ayinalem Alemu, et al. Adequately Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Kolfe keraniyo Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J. Food Nutr. Sci. 2020, 8(2), 30-36. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Habtamu Ayigegn, Tsedeke Wolde, Dessalegn Geleta, Kinfe Haile, Ayinalem Alemu, et al. Adequately Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Kolfe keraniyo Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Food Nutr Sci. 2020;8(2):30-36. doi: 10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12,
      author = {Habtamu Ayigegn and Tsedeke Wolde and Dessalegn Geleta and Kinfe Haile and Ayinalem Alemu and Zebenay Workneh Bitew},
      title = {Adequately Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Kolfe keraniyo Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia},
      journal = {Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences},
      volume = {8},
      number = {2},
      pages = {30-36},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfns.20200802.12},
      abstract = {Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem throughout the world. Salt iodization is the commonest type of food fortification well exercised in many countries as the method of choice to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders. This study aimed to assess adequately iodized salt and associated factors at the household level in Kolfe keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kolfe keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July to August 2019. In this study, 541 samples were included. Rapid test kit was used to get a semi-quantitative estimation of the salt iodine level. Among all samples, 95.5% was adequately iodized (>15ppm). In multivariable analysis, educational level (AOR=3.30; 95% CI: 1.06, 10.32), storing salt in an open container (AOR=10.71; 95% CI: 3.26, 35.23), salt buying frequency (AOR= 6.69; 95% CI: 2.34-19.10), using packed salt (AOR= 4.26; 95% CI: 1.46-12.40) and household monthly income ≥200 ETB (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.11-8.60) had a statistically significant association to availability of adequately iodized salt at household level. In this study, the proportion of households that use adequately iodized salt meets the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommended proportion (≥90%). However, a considerable amount of households use inadequately iodized salt. Increasing the awareness of the community on proper storage and utilization of iodized salt should be done.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Adequately Iodized Salt and Associated Factors at Household Level in Kolfe keraniyo Sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
    AU  - Habtamu Ayigegn
    AU  - Tsedeke Wolde
    AU  - Dessalegn Geleta
    AU  - Kinfe Haile
    AU  - Ayinalem Alemu
    AU  - Zebenay Workneh Bitew
    Y1  - 2020/06/08
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12
    T2  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JF  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    JO  - Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
    SP  - 30
    EP  - 36
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7293
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfns.20200802.12
    AB  - Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem throughout the world. Salt iodization is the commonest type of food fortification well exercised in many countries as the method of choice to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders. This study aimed to assess adequately iodized salt and associated factors at the household level in Kolfe keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kolfe keraniyo sub-city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from July to August 2019. In this study, 541 samples were included. Rapid test kit was used to get a semi-quantitative estimation of the salt iodine level. Among all samples, 95.5% was adequately iodized (>15ppm). In multivariable analysis, educational level (AOR=3.30; 95% CI: 1.06, 10.32), storing salt in an open container (AOR=10.71; 95% CI: 3.26, 35.23), salt buying frequency (AOR= 6.69; 95% CI: 2.34-19.10), using packed salt (AOR= 4.26; 95% CI: 1.46-12.40) and household monthly income ≥200 ETB (AOR=3.10; 95% CI: 1.11-8.60) had a statistically significant association to availability of adequately iodized salt at household level. In this study, the proportion of households that use adequately iodized salt meets the WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommended proportion (≥90%). However, a considerable amount of households use inadequately iodized salt. Increasing the awareness of the community on proper storage and utilization of iodized salt should be done.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ddis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Department of Public Health, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Ddis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

  • Sections