The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (<i>Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici</i>) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia

Mandefro Aslake; Assefa Sintayehu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 5 January 2022 Accepted: 25 January 2022 Published: 9 February 2022

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Abstract

Wheat is the fourth most important staple food crop in Ethiopia and grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. It accounts more than 15% of the total cereal output. The country is the second largest wheat producer in sub-Sahara Africa, and the crop is becoming a key strategic crop for improving food security. However, the national average yield is 2.73 tones/ha, which is far less than from the potential yield of 8 to 10 tones /ha. This low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia is attributed to a number of factors, including biotic (diseases, insect pest and weeds) and abiotic (moisture, soil fertility and etc.). Among biotic factors stripe rust disease is the most series and wheat production bottle necks issue in the country. And in most wheat-producing areas, yield losses caused by stripe rust ranged from 2.7 to 96.7% depending on the degree of susceptibility of the cultivar, timing of the initial infection, rate of disease development, areas of hotspot and duration of disease. Despite its occurrence and distribution much still needs to be understood about its impact and management options of the disease. As a result, this review work was initiated to provide wakefulness and show the present threats of wheat stripe rust disease in Ethiopia. And the review was carried out from associated journals, theses, books and research papers. This review result revealed that knowledge gap, lack of attention, lack of coordination among Regions, Zones, Districts and Sectors, Shortage of resistant varieties and high fungicide price are some of the identified reasons in Ethiopia for the disease to occur regularly and epidemically as well. As the result of this, every year there is more than 10% yield loss (275,000 tones) that costs 94, 795 millions of US dollars. However, during epidemics the loss is much higher than this. Consequently, the disease is considered as one of the constraints for the country not to produce sufficient amount of wheat grain. As a result, in each year the country is imposed to continue importing millions of quintals of wheat grain from abroad that demands high foreign currency. Therefore, this review result conclude that to overcome this challenge the country has to implement more efforts in developing an effective and efficient wheat stripe rust management strategy.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15
Page(s)	29-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stripe Rust, Resistant Varieties, Fungicides, Puccinia striiformis

References

[1]	Abeyo, B; Hodosun, D; Hundie, B; Woldeab, G; Girma, B; Badebo, A; Alemayehu, Y; Jobe, T; Tegegn, A; and Denbel, W.(2014). Cultivating success in Ethiopia: The contrasting stripe rust situation in 2010 and 2013.
[2]	Alfredo Martinze; John Youmans; and James Buck. (2009). Stripe rust (Yellow Rust) of wheat.
[3]	Boutfirass, M; and Karrou, M. (2003). Optimizing plant population, Crop emergence, establishment and sowing rate. Explore on farm for adopting of GAP for wheat in North Africa, FAO.
[4]	Chen, X. M. (2005). Epidemiology and control of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici) on wheat. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 27: 314-337.
[5]	Chen, W. Q; Wellings, C; Chen, X. M; Kang, Z. S; and Liu, J. G. (2014). Wheat Stripe (Yellow) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici. Mol. Plant Pathol. 15: 433-446.
[6]	CSA (Central Statistics Authority). (2018). Agricultural sample Survey: Report on area and production of major crops (private peasant holdings, meher season). Volume 1. Statistical Bulletin 586. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[7]	FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). (2014). Production Data Base. FAO/WFP. Rome. http//www.fao.org.
[8]	Hailu, G; Tanner, DG; and Mengistu, H. (2011). Wheat research in Ethiopia: A historical Perspective, IAAI and CIMMYT, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[9]	Hovmøller, S. M; Sørensen, C. K; Walter, S; and Fejer Justesen, A. (2011). Diversity of Puccinia striiformis on Cereals and Grasses. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol 49: pp 197–217.
[10]	ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas). (2011). Research to action: Strategies to reduce the emerging wheat stripe rust disease. International wheat stripe rust symposium, Aleppo.
[11]	Jin, Y; Szabo, L. J; and Carson, M. (2010). Century-old mystery of Puccinia striiformis life history solved with the identification of Berberis as an alternate host. Phytopathology. 100, 432-435.
[12]	Landuber, W; Habtamu, A; and Getaneh, W. (2010). Yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) epidemics and yield loss assessment on wheat and triticale crops in Amhara Region, Ethiopia. African Journal of crop science. 2016. Pp. 280-285.
[13]	Line, R. F. (2002). Stripe rust of wheat and barley in north America: A retrospective historical review Rev. Phyto pathol. 40: 75-118.
[14]	Milus, E. A; Kristensen, K; and Hovmoller, M. S. (2009). Evidence for increaseda agressiveness in a recent widespread strain of Puccinia striiformis f. sp tritici causing stripe rust of wheat. Phytopathology 99: pp 89–94.
[15]	Negassa, A; Shiferaw, B; Koo, J; Sunder K; Smale, M; Braun, H. J; Gbegbelegbe, S; Guo Z; Hodosun, D; Wood, S; Payne, J; and Abeyo, B. (2013). The potential for wheat production in Africa: Analysis of Biophysical suitability and economic profitability. CIMMYT, Mexico.
[16]	Syed Nadeem Afzal; Haque, M. I; Ahmedani, M. S; Samina Bashir; and Atiquur Rahmon Rattu.(2007). Assessment of yield losses caused by Puccinia striiformis. Triggering stripe rust in the most common wheat varieties. Pak. J. Bot; 39 (6): 2127-2134.
[17]	Zegeye, T; Taye, G; Tanner, D; Verkuiji, H; and Agidie, A. (2001). Adoption of improved bread wheat varieties and inorganic fertilizer by small scale farmers in yelmana Densa and Farta districts of north western Ethiopia. EARO and CIMMYT. Mexico city, Mexico.

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Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu. (2022). The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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ACS Style

Mandefro Aslake; Assefa Sintayehu. The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia. Agric. For. Fish. 2022, 11(1), 29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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AMA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu. The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia. Agric For Fish. 2022;11(1):29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15,
  author = {Mandefro Aslake and Assefa Sintayehu},
  title = {The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20221101.15},
  abstract = {Wheat is the fourth most important staple food crop in Ethiopia and grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. It accounts more than 15% of the total cereal output. The country is the second largest wheat producer in sub-Sahara Africa, and the crop is becoming a key strategic crop for improving food security. However, the national average yield is 2.73 tones/ha, which is far less than from the potential yield of 8 to 10 tones /ha. This low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia is attributed to a number of factors, including biotic (diseases, insect pest and weeds) and abiotic (moisture, soil fertility and etc.). Among biotic factors stripe rust disease is the most series and wheat production bottle necks issue in the country. And in most wheat-producing areas, yield losses caused by stripe rust ranged from 2.7 to 96.7% depending on the degree of susceptibility of the cultivar, timing of the initial infection, rate of disease development, areas of hotspot and duration of disease. Despite its occurrence and distribution much still needs to be understood about its impact and management options of the disease. As a result, this review work was initiated to provide wakefulness and show the present threats of wheat stripe rust disease in Ethiopia. And the review was carried out from associated journals, theses, books and research papers. This review result revealed that knowledge gap, lack of attention, lack of coordination among Regions, Zones, Districts and Sectors, Shortage of resistant varieties and high fungicide price are some of the identified reasons in Ethiopia for the disease to occur regularly and epidemically as well. As the result of this, every year there is more than 10% yield loss (275,000 tones) that costs 94, 795 millions of US dollars. However, during epidemics the loss is much higher than this. Consequently, the disease is considered as one of the constraints for the country not to produce sufficient amount of wheat grain. As a result, in each year the country is imposed to continue importing millions of quintals of wheat grain from abroad that demands high foreign currency. Therefore, this review result conclude that to overcome this challenge the country has to implement more efforts in developing an effective and efficient wheat stripe rust management strategy.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia
AU - Mandefro Aslake
AU - Assefa Sintayehu
Y1 - 2022/02/09
PY - 2022
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15
DO - 10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15
T2 - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP - 29
EP - 33
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5648
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15
AB - Wheat is the fourth most important staple food crop in Ethiopia and grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. It accounts more than 15% of the total cereal output. The country is the second largest wheat producer in sub-Sahara Africa, and the crop is becoming a key strategic crop for improving food security. However, the national average yield is 2.73 tones/ha, which is far less than from the potential yield of 8 to 10 tones /ha. This low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia is attributed to a number of factors, including biotic (diseases, insect pest and weeds) and abiotic (moisture, soil fertility and etc.). Among biotic factors stripe rust disease is the most series and wheat production bottle necks issue in the country. And in most wheat-producing areas, yield losses caused by stripe rust ranged from 2.7 to 96.7% depending on the degree of susceptibility of the cultivar, timing of the initial infection, rate of disease development, areas of hotspot and duration of disease. Despite its occurrence and distribution much still needs to be understood about its impact and management options of the disease. As a result, this review work was initiated to provide wakefulness and show the present threats of wheat stripe rust disease in Ethiopia. And the review was carried out from associated journals, theses, books and research papers. This review result revealed that knowledge gap, lack of attention, lack of coordination among Regions, Zones, Districts and Sectors, Shortage of resistant varieties and high fungicide price are some of the identified reasons in Ethiopia for the disease to occur regularly and epidemically as well. As the result of this, every year there is more than 10% yield loss (275,000 tones) that costs 94, 795 millions of US dollars. However, during epidemics the loss is much higher than this. Consequently, the disease is considered as one of the constraints for the country not to produce sufficient amount of wheat grain. As a result, in each year the country is imposed to continue importing millions of quintals of wheat grain from abroad that demands high foreign currency. Therefore, this review result conclude that to overcome this challenge the country has to implement more efforts in developing an effective and efficient wheat stripe rust management strategy.
VL - 11
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Mandefro Aslake

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Assefa Sintayehu

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu. (2022). The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 11(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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ACS Style

Mandefro Aslake; Assefa Sintayehu. The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia. Agric. For. Fish. 2022, 11(1), 29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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AMA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu. The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia. Agric For Fish. 2022;11(1):29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15,
  author = {Mandefro Aslake and Assefa Sintayehu},
  title = {The Current Threats of Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici) Disease and the Consequence for Food Security in Ethiopia},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {11},
  number = {1},
  pages = {29-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20221101.15},
  abstract = {Wheat is the fourth most important staple food crop in Ethiopia and grown in a wide range of agro-ecology. It accounts more than 15% of the total cereal output. The country is the second largest wheat producer in sub-Sahara Africa, and the crop is becoming a key strategic crop for improving food security. However, the national average yield is 2.73 tones/ha, which is far less than from the potential yield of 8 to 10 tones /ha. This low productivity of wheat in Ethiopia is attributed to a number of factors, including biotic (diseases, insect pest and weeds) and abiotic (moisture, soil fertility and etc.). Among biotic factors stripe rust disease is the most series and wheat production bottle necks issue in the country. And in most wheat-producing areas, yield losses caused by stripe rust ranged from 2.7 to 96.7% depending on the degree of susceptibility of the cultivar, timing of the initial infection, rate of disease development, areas of hotspot and duration of disease. Despite its occurrence and distribution much still needs to be understood about its impact and management options of the disease. As a result, this review work was initiated to provide wakefulness and show the present threats of wheat stripe rust disease in Ethiopia. And the review was carried out from associated journals, theses, books and research papers. This review result revealed that knowledge gap, lack of attention, lack of coordination among Regions, Zones, Districts and Sectors, Shortage of resistant varieties and high fungicide price are some of the identified reasons in Ethiopia for the disease to occur regularly and epidemically as well. As the result of this, every year there is more than 10% yield loss (275,000 tones) that costs 94, 795 millions of US dollars. However, during epidemics the loss is much higher than this. Consequently, the disease is considered as one of the constraints for the country not to produce sufficient amount of wheat grain. As a result, in each year the country is imposed to continue importing millions of quintals of wheat grain from abroad that demands high foreign currency. Therefore, this review result conclude that to overcome this challenge the country has to implement more efforts in developing an effective and efficient wheat stripe rust management strategy.},
 year = {2022}
}

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