Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (<i>Pseudcercospora angolensis</i>) Disease Using Fungicides

Mandefro Aslake; Assefa Sintayehu; Chemeda Fininsa; Teferi Alem

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu, Chemeda Fininsa, Teferi Alem

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 17 September 2021 Accepted: 4 October 2021 Published: 12 October 2021

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Abstract

In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
Page(s)	170-175
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Leaf and Fruit Spot, Citrus, Fungicides, Relative Yield Loss, Severity

References

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[3]	Asmare, D., Derbew, B., Belayneh, A; & Mohammed, Y. (2014). Citrus Production, Constraints and Management Practices in Ethiopia: The Case of Pseudocercospora Leaf and Fruit Spot Disease. Sci. Technol. Arts Res. J., 3 (2): 04-18.
[4]	Campbell, C. L; & Madden, L. V. (1990). Introduction to Plant Disease Epidemiology. John Wileey and Sons New York, USA.
[5]	Chaube, H. S; & Singh, U.S. (1991). Plant disease management: Principles and Practices. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
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[8]	Ezeibekwe, I. O. (2011). Study of citrus disease prevalence on four citrus varieties at the National Institute of Horticultural Research (NIHORT) Mbato, Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Plant Science, 5: 360-364.
[9]	Joosten, F; Boselie, D; Wolde, B; & Dessalegn, L. (2011). Exporting fruit and vegetables from Ethiopia: Assessment of development potentials and investment options in the export- oriented fruit and vegetable sector. Ethiopia - Netherlands Horticulture Partnership Program, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[10]	Kuate, J; Jazet Dongmo, P. M., Ducelier, D., Damesse, F., Menut, C; & Bessiere, J. M. (2003). Effect of citrus leaf spot disease (Phaeoramularia angolensis) on the content and chemical composition of essential oils from orange peel. Fruits 58: 143-149.
[11]	Mohammed Yesuf. (2002). Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot of citrus: a major threat to citrus production in tropical Africa, present status and future perspectives. pp. 18-25.
[12]	Mohammed Yesuf. (2007). Distribution and management of Phaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus in Ethiopia. Fruits, 62: 99-106.
[13]	Mohammed Yesuf. (2013). Pseudocercospora leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus: achievements and challenges in the citrus industry: a review. Agricultural Sciences, 4: 324-328.
[14]	Nwanosike, M. R. O; Mabagala, R. B; & Kusolwa P. M. (2015). Disease intensity and distribution of Exserohilum turcicum Incitant of Northern Leaf Blight of Maize in Tanzania. International Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences 3 (5): 1-13.
[15]	Robert, K., & Janes, N. (1991). Seed Pathology (Revised ed.). Edition Vol. II. The Mac Millan Press Ltd.
[16]	SAS (Statistical Analysis System). (2011). Version 9.2 Computer Software. Retrieved from WWW. Statsoft.com
[17]	Seif, A. A. (1994). Studies on Phaeoramularia fruit and leaf spot disease of citrus in Kenya. PhD Thesis, University of Reading.
[18]	Seif, A. A; & Hillocks, R. J. (1996). Epidemiology of fruit and leaf spot of citrus caused by Phaeoramularia angolensis in Kenya: An Overview. Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture 1: 338-339.
[19]	Seifu Gebre-Mariam. (2003). Status of commercial fruit production in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 91p.
[20]	Yimenu, J. (1993). Preliminary survey report on leaf spot disease of citrus in Sidamo. Coffee Development Authority, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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APA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu, Chemeda Fininsa, Teferi Alem. (2021). Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 10(5), 170-175. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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ACS Style

Mandefro Aslake; Assefa Sintayehu; Chemeda Fininsa; Teferi Alem. Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides. Agric. For. Fish. 2021, 10(5), 170-175. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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AMA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu, Chemeda Fininsa, Teferi Alem. Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides. Agric For Fish. 2021;10(5):170-175. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11,
  author = {Mandefro Aslake and Assefa Sintayehu and Chemeda Fininsa and Teferi Alem},
  title = {Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {170-175},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20211005.11},
  abstract = {In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides
AU  - Mandefro Aslake
AU  - Assefa Sintayehu
AU  - Chemeda Fininsa
AU  - Teferi Alem
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 170
EP  - 175
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
AB  - In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Mandefro Aslake

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Assefa Sintayehu

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
Chemeda Fininsa

School of Plant Sciences, University of Haramaya, Haramaya, Ethiopia
Teferi Alem

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu, Chemeda Fininsa, Teferi Alem. (2021). Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 10(5), 170-175. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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ACS Style

Mandefro Aslake; Assefa Sintayehu; Chemeda Fininsa; Teferi Alem. Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides. Agric. For. Fish. 2021, 10(5), 170-175. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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AMA Style

Mandefro Aslake, Assefa Sintayehu, Chemeda Fininsa, Teferi Alem. Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides. Agric For Fish. 2021;10(5):170-175. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11,
  author = {Mandefro Aslake and Assefa Sintayehu and Chemeda Fininsa and Teferi Alem},
  title = {Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {170-175},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20211005.11},
  abstract = {In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Management of Citrus Leaf and Fruit Spot (Pseudcercospora angolensis) Disease Using Fungicides
AU  - Mandefro Aslake
AU  - Assefa Sintayehu
AU  - Chemeda Fininsa
AU  - Teferi Alem
Y1  - 2021/10/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 170
EP  - 175
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20211005.11
AB  - In Tropical Africa, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa production of citrus is seriously hampered by citrus leaf and fruit spot (Pseudocercospora angolensis) disease. The yield reduction due to this disease can reach 50% - 100% when climatic conditions are favorable to the disease development and effective control measures are not implemented timely. Hence, this study was anticipated to evaluate the effect of fungicides for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease. As the result of this, the efficacy of different fungicides namely; Carbonchlor 50% SC only, Benline 50% WP only, Bellis 38% WG only, Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG, Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC and Benline 50% WP combined with Matco 72% WP against Pseudocercospra angolensis were tested under field conditions. The present field experiment result showed that, there was no infected fruit observed in all treated trees as compared to the control plot that revealed (33.12%) fruit infection. Whereas, in leaves minimum infection rate (1.16%) was recorded from trees treated with Bellis 38% WG followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC (1.48%), Carbonchlor 50% SC combined with Bellis 38% WG (1.89%), Benline 50% WP combined with Carbonchlor 50% SC (4.00%), Benline 50% WP (4.54%) and Matco 72% WP combined with Benline 50%WP (6.24%). However, maximum infection rate (17.57%) was recorded from leaves of unsprayed check. Therefore, from the results of the present investigation, application of Carbonchlor 50% SC was the first choice to be used followed by Carbonchlor 50% SC + Benline 50% WP, Bellis 38% WG + Carbonchlor 50% SC, Bellis 38% WG only, Benline 50% WP only and Matco 72% WP + Benline 50% WP for the management of citrus leaf and fruit spot disease.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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